Tham khảo Lịch_sử_toán_học

  1. ↑ Adelphi University. “Mathematics” (bằng tiếng Anh). Adelphi University. Truy cập ngày 22 tháng 3 năm 2017. Mathematics is the art and science of abstraction; it is the systematic study of quantity, structure, space, and change; to paraphrase Newton, it is the language in which the universe is written. 
  2. ↑ Sir Thomas L. Heath, A Manual of Greek Mathematics, Dover, 1963, p 1, "In the case of mathematics, it is the Greek contribution which it is most essential to know, for it was the Greeks who first made mathematics a science."
  3. ↑ Henahan, Sean (2002). “Art Prehistory”. Science Updates. The National Health Museum. Truy cập ngày 6 tháng 5 năm 2006. 
  4. 1 2 Williams, Scott W. (2005). “An Old Mathematical Object”. MATHEMATICIANS OF THE AFRICAN DIASPORA. SUNY Buffalo mathematics department. Truy cập ngày 6 tháng 5 năm 2006. 
  5. ↑ “Mathematics in (central) Africa before colonization” (PDF) (Thông cáo báo chí). Dirk HUYLEBROUCK,. 2006. Truy cập ngày 24 tháng 10 năm 2011. 
  6. ↑ Kellermeier, John (2003). “How Menstruation Created Mathematics”. Ethnomathematics. Tacoma Community College. Bản gốc lưu trữ ngày 23 tháng 12 năm 2005. Truy cập ngày 6 tháng 5 năm 2006. 
  7. ↑ Williams, Scott W. (2005). “The Oledet Mathematical Object is in Swaziland”. MATHEMATICIANS OF THE AFRICAN DIASPORA. SUNY Buffalo mathematics department. Truy cập ngày 6 tháng 5 năm 2006. 
  8. ↑ Thom, Alexander and Archie Thom, "The metrology and geometry of Megalithic Man", pp 132-151 in C.L.N. Ruggles, ed., Records in Stone: Papers in memory of Alexander Thom, (Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Pr., 1988) ISBN 0-521-33381-4
  9. ↑ Pearce, Ian G. (2002). “Early Indian culture - Indus civilisation”. Indian Mathematics: Redressing the balance. School of Mathematical and Computational Sciences University of St Andrews. Truy cập ngày 6 tháng 5 năm 2006. 
  10. ↑ Duncan J. Melville (2003). Third Millennium Chronology, Third Millennium Mathematics. St. Lawrence University.
  11. ↑ Aaboe, Asger (1998). Episodes from the Early History of Mathematics. New York: Random House. tr. 30–31. 
  12. ↑ Howard Eves, An Introduction to the History of Mathematics, Saunders, 1990, ISBN 0-03-029558-0
  13. ↑ Martin Bernal, "Animadversions on the Origins of Western Science", pp. 72-83 in Michael H. Shank, ed., The Scientific Enterprise in Antiquity and the Middle Ages, (Chicago: Nhà in Đại học Chicago) 2000, về các chứng minh toán học xem trang 75.
  14. ↑ Howard Eves, An Introduction to the History of Mathematics, Saunders, 1990, ISBN 0-03-029558-0 p. 141 "No work, except The Bible, has been more widely used...."
  15. ↑ Indian Mathematics: Redressing the balance - 4: Mathematics in the service of religion: I. Vedas and Vedangas Ian G Pearce
  16. ↑ Development of Mathematics in Ancient China bản lưu 30/1/1998
  17. ↑ The use of the decimal system Jeff
  18. ↑ Struik, page 32-33. ""In these matrices we find negative numbers, which appear here for the first time in history.""
  19. ↑ Swaney, Mark. History of Magic Squares, bản lưu ngày 16/1/2006.
  20. ↑ The History of Algebra. Louisiana State University.
  21. ↑ Victor J. Katz (1998). History of Mathematics: An Introduction, p. 255-259. Addison-Wesley. ISBN 0-321-01618-1.
  22. ↑ F. Woepcke (1853). Extrait du Fakhri, traité d'Algèbre par Abou Bekr Mohammed Ben Alhacan Alkarkhi. Paris.
  23. ↑ Victor J. Katz (1995). "Ideas of Calculus in Islam and India", Mathematics Magazine 68 (3), p. 163-174.
  24. ↑ Caldwell, John (1981) "The De Institutione Arithmetica and the De Institutione Musica", pp. 135-154 in Margaret Gibson, ed., Boethius: His Life, Thought, and Influence, (Oxford: Basil Blackwell).
  25. ↑ Folkerts, Menso, "Boethius" Geometrie II, (Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, 1970).
  26. ↑ Marie-Thérèse d'Alverny, "Translations and Translators", pp. 421-462 in Robert L. Benson and Giles Constable, Renaissance and Renewal in the Twelfth Century, (Cambridge: Harvard Univ. Pr., 1982)
  27. ↑ Guy Beaujouan, The Transformation of the Quadrivium", pp. 463-487 in Robert L. Benson and Giles Constable, Renaissance and Renewal in the Twelfth Century, (Cambridge: Harvard Univ. Pr., 1982)
  28. ↑ Grant, Edward and John E. Murdoch (1987), eds., Mathematics and its applications to science and natural philosophy in the Middle Ages, (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press) ISBN 0-521-32260-X.
  29. ↑ Clagett, Marshall (1961) The Science of Mechanics in the Middle Ages, (Madison: Univ. of Wisconsin Pr.), pp. 421-440.
  30. ↑ Murdoch, John E. (1969) "Mathesis in Philosophiam Scholasticam Introducta: The Rise and Development of the Application of Mathematics in Fourteenth Century Philosophy and Theology", pp. 215-254 in Arts libéraux et philosophie au Moyen Âge (Montréal: Institut d'Études Médiévales), at pp. 224-227.
  31. ↑ Clagett, Marshall (1961) The Science of Mechanics in the Middle Ages, (Madison: Univ. of Wisconsin Pr.), pp. 210, 214-15, 236.
  32. ↑ Clagett, Marshall (1961) The Science of Mechanics in the Middle Ages, (Madison: Univ. of Wisconsin Pr.), p. 284.
  33. ↑ Clagett, Marshall (1961) The Science of Mechanics in the Middle Ages, (Madison: Univ. of Wisconsin Pr.), pp. 332-45, 382-91.
  34. ↑ Nicole Oresme, "Questions on the Geometry of Euclid" Q. 14, pp. 560-5 in Marshall Clagett, ed., Nicole Oresme and the Medieval Geometry of Qualities and Motions, (Madison: Univ. of Wisconsin Pr., 1968).
  35. ↑ Grattan-Guinness, Ivor (1997). The Rainbow of Mathematics: A History of the Mathematical Sciences. W.W. Norton. ISBN 0-393-32030-8. 
  36. ↑ Eves, Howard, An Introduction to the History of Mathematics, Saunders, 1990, ISBN 0-03-029558-0, p. 379, "...the concepts of calculus...(are) so far reaching and have exercised such an impact on the modern world that it is perhaps correct to say that without some knowledge of them a person today can scarcely claim to be well educated."
  37. ↑ J J O'Connor & E F Robertson (tháng 9 năm 2001). “History topic: The number e” (bằng tiếng Anh). MacTutor History of Mathematics archive. Truy cập ngày 22 tháng 3 năm 2017. The number e first comes into mathematics in a very minor way. This was in 1618 when, in an appendix to Napier's work on logarithms, a table appeared giving the natural logarithms of various numbers 
  38. ↑ "Lịch sử của toán trong kinh tế học" của Trần Nam Bình
  39. ↑ Dạy toán - suy nghĩ từ kinh nghiệm của các nước Phạm Việt Hưng 11/05/2007
  40. ↑ Four Colors Suffice: How the Map Problem Was Solved Robin Wilson, 11/6/2011
  41. ↑ Estela A. Gavosto, Steven G. Krantz, William McCallum, Editors, Contemporary Issues in Mathematics Education, Cambridge University Press, 1999, ISBN 0-521-65471-8
  42. ↑ “Mathematicians Map E8” (Thông cáo báo chí). Harminka, Hareyan Publishing LLC. 20 tháng 3 năm 2007. 
  43. ↑ Mathematicians Map E8
  44. ↑ Videos of 2000 Millennium Event
  45. ↑ Hilbert’s Problems mathacademy.com

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